Open Market Operations

Open Market Operations – Macroeconomics – Ari Davis Open market operations (in short) are the process of implementing monetary policy. This occurs due to a central bank which controls the short term interest rate and the supply of base money in an economy, and as a result ultimately the total money supply. This involves meeting the demand of base money at the target interest rate by buying and selling government securities. The Fed conducts open market operations when it buys or sells government bonds.When there is an increased demand for base money the Fed takes the necessary action to increase the base supply of money. In order to increase the money supply the Fed instructs its bond traders in New York to buy back bonds from the public in the bond markets. Because the Fed is paying for these bonds there is an increase in the number of dollars in the economy. Some of this new money is held as currency (the owner literally holds onto the money in their ‘handâ€⠄¢). This means that for every dollar the money supply increases by exactly one dollar.Whereas the new money that is deposited into banks increase the money supply by more than a dollar (for every new dollar) because of the money multiplier effect. The money multiplier is the amount of money the banking system generates with each dollar of reserves. Therefore the fractional reserve banking system is the facet that dramatically increases the money supply. On the other hand, if the Fed wish’s to reduce the money supply they will sell government bonds to the public through the bond markets.The public pays for these bonds (which goes to the Feds) and thus money is withdrawn from the economy and the money supply is decreased. People will often withdraw money from banks in order to purchase government bonds. Thus the money that is withdrawn leaves the banks with fewer reserves and thus the banks must reduce the amount of money they lend out. Nowadays most money is in the form of el ectronic records rather than cash. Therefore open market operations are conducted simply by electronically increasing or decreasing (‘crediting' or ‘debiting') the amount of base oney that the bank has in its reserve account at the central bank. As a result, Open Market operations do not literally require new currency. However, this will increase the central bank's requirement to print currency when the member bank demands banknotes, in exchange for a decrease in its electronic balance. In The USA, the Fed sets an interest rate target for the Fed funds market. When the Fed funds rate is higher than the target, the Reserve Bank will most probably increase the money supply. When the actual Fed funds rate is lower than its target, the central Bank will usually decrease the money supply.Monetary targets such as inflation, interest rates or exchange rates are used to guide this implementation. I believe Open Market Operations are a good system because they are easy to conduct and they help keep the money supply at a manageable level. The Fed has complete control and therefore they are usually conducted in the hands of professionals (who know what is best for the economy). Open market operations are flexible, easily reversed and can be implemented quickly. With the state of trading and the modern markets today, Open Market Operations are a necessity in order to keep the economy strong.

Moss and McAdams Accounting Firm Essay

1. At the end of the case if you were Palmer, how would you respond? It was clear from the beginning everyone involved could have handled things more professionally in order to maximize time, and resources while maintaining a healthy and productive work environment for all employees. From the start of the project it was evident that Olds knowledge and skills were definitely in demand. Because his expertise was so in demand, when met with an organizational structure that had an obvious weak matrix structure, it caused great adversity. In this case we learn Ruby Sands had the role of functional manager and therefore ultimately made a decision that affected Palmer’s account. As soon as Palmer recognized the problems he should have addressed the issue then and presented the possible risk, moving forward the best option for Palmer is to find a suitable replacement for Olds. And accept the fact that valuable employees leave projects all the time for one reason or another. Also, Palmer should address his concerns regarding the situation on a whole to include Crosby’s unwillingness to be a team player as a way to avoid similar situations happening in the firm’s future. In conclusion, Palmer is the project manager; it is his responsibility to handle all aspects of the project to include communication. Effective communication would have lead to a better outcome. 2. Discuss what Palmer could do, if anything, to avoid losing Olds: Project managers are ultimately responsible for performance. Therefore it is Palmer’s responsibility to ensure that appropriate protocol is made between the time, cost and performance requirements of the project. In addition, the project manager is also responsible for the aspects of Leadership, such as problem solving, teamwork, negative politics and customer expectations. To avoid losing Olds, Palmer should have realized the struggles Olds was faced with, such as working extra hours to accommodate both projects and accounts, as a result the impact that it had on work-life balance took its toll on Olds and put him in a difficult position.

Difference Between Piaget s Theory And Erikson Theory

The differences between Piaget’s theory and Erikson’s theory Ashley Bellecomo Tri County Technical College Psychology 201-013 Stacey Frank February 3, 2015 The Difference between Piaget’s Theory and Erikson’s Theory There are many different theories on child development but they are all related in some way. Jean Piaget theory focuses on the first twelve years of a child’s life. Erik Erikson’s theory focuses on a person complete life. In this paper I will be focusing on the differences between Piaget’s and Erikson’s theory on child development. Jean Piaget theory focuses on children and how they develop up to the age of twelve years old. I believe Piaget’s theory is true because he observed kids and say that once they see something that’s round like a ball, everything that is similar to that ball is going to be a ball even if it really isn’t a ball. Kids at a young age can’t figure out that an egg isn’t a ball, yes its round but its an egg is breakable. Piaget has four different stages of cognitive development. The first stage is sensorimotor which starts at birth up to the age of two. Sensorimotor is when infants use their senses and motor abilities to learn about the world around them, like grasping, pushing, tasting and anything similar. Sensorimotor is when infants keep grabbing their toes and eating them, or them laughing when they are playing â€Å"peek a-boo† with mom or dad. The second stage is preoperational which it starts at age two and ends at ageShow MoreRelatedErik Eri kson And Jean Piaget s Theories Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson and Jean Piaget are quite similar in their theories. Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory is only slightly different than Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory. Both theorists use the idea of developmental stages. Although the stages vary in what they entail, the carry the same idea of progressive development. Jean Piaget was born September 16, 1980, in Switzerland. 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The id emergences in the early stages of infancy, between 3 to 6 years of age the superego orRead MoreFreud, Erikson, And Piaget : Theories Of Developmental Psychology Essay2372 Words   |  10 PagesFreud, Erikson, and Piaget: Theories in Developmental Psychology Many factors influence children’s development as well as that massive amount of development theories that elaborate on why children do certain things, why children have developmental disorders, or even why some children have developmental delays. Although there are many theories regarding children development and how they are influences, theorist make some great points in the child development but with any theory come flaws such asRead MoreDifferences Between High Status And Low Status Children Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will look at the differences in high-status children and low-status children. 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The Student Loan Scam Is An Interesting Book - 1320 Words

The Student Loan Scam is an interesting book that details all the information that people need to know about, the good and the bad. It is interesting and an easy read, but can be better understood through the use of theories. The theories we find in this book are Power Elite Theory, Karl Marx’s Surplus Populations, Monopoly Capitalism, the Education Industrial Complex, Anomie, and Labeling Theory. Power Elite Theory is one of the more predominate theories in The Student Loan Scam. This is seen mainly through the people at the top in the government as well as those in the head of certain corporations, especially Sallie Mae. Power elite theory says that wealthy individuals or their family members and friends circulate through three power†¦show more content†¦Sallie Mae would bribe other companies, then buy them, and finally pay off the employees so that Sallie Mae employees can take over. Sallie Mae, EdFund, and the USA Group Loan Service spent millions lobbying congres s and donating large amounts of money to elected officials. Sallie Mae bought the USA group out and brought their employees into the business. The old employees of the USA Group were awarded money in stock, salary increase, and contracts stating that the employee would leave within a year of the buyout. Companies such as Sallie Mae were benefiting based on the single-holder rule. This states that a person’s loans after graduating had to be consolidated with the company that originally made the loan. This way the wealth stayed with them and they were better able to add on fees and high interest rates. Sallie Mae gave out lots of money, but due to legislation such as the rule above, Sallie Mae stayed a power elite. Sallie Mae had power over congress, legislation, the Education Committee, and even college financial officers. Some financial aid administrators actually held direct financial stakes in the very same lenders that they were promoting on campus. Power elite theory can be drawn into capitalism. Sallie Mae employs fall under this theory. They cycle through power structures. They start out at the company, then end up in companies they bought, or they have stock in a company they deal with. Some people

Cultural Change and Shifting Views of America Essay

Cultural Change and Shifting Views of America Tina Hudaifa ARTS/125 – Pop Culture and the Arts Professor: Kevin Ballard April 20, 2015 Cultural Change and Shifting View in America Many consider The 1893 Chicago’s World Fair as a day that paved the way out of traditional life into modernization. It was considered one of the first cases in history where communication technologies, marketing strategies, and urban†¦show more content†¦Henri inspired other painters to seek authenticity, a quality that is combined with the validity of one’s first impression and personal experience, as well as the current emphasis on the truth. Modernization carried an updated visual sense and the artists of Ashcan school and shaped viewers interest in unusual modes of identifying New York City. The Ashcan School rebelled against skillful, finished portraits by having the ability in restoring the outward appearances of individuals and instead celebrating the creative process. One way they were able to achieve through the 1905 Hester Street painting that celebrated the scampering streets of urban life, as it displayed immigrant shoppers, curious onlookers, casual strollers, and pushcart peddlers to represent citizens as of equal importance. The purpose was to overlook the overcrowding, crime, and sheer poverty of the slums by creating a more colorful and lively place that represented hope in the future. â€Å"Yet she is also a type, both easily recognizable and representative to isolate and define the terms of race, ethnicity, and class as he considered the nation’s democratic character and identity† (Doss, 2002, p. 49). Another prime example they were able to depict this was in The 1907 Eva Green painting, which main purpose was to reject the derogatory depictions of American Americans. 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South West Airlines Value Chain

Question: Discuss about the Report on South West Airlines? Answer: Distinctive value chain The South West Airlines are the best example for the formulation of the IO(Input/output or industrial organisation) model which subjects to handle the different completions of the market with secondary airports, frequent departures along with the flights scheduled at point-to-point time and the standardisation of the aircraft. There is a complete support which has the no-frilling value propositions. (Coyne et al., 2006). Airline Profitability The typical security pattern of equity works to take hold of different offers and reach a maximum level of average returns and funding profiles. For managing the companies, there is a need to keep a track of all the raw materials that are under the transportation. There are different logistics and approaches to handling the inbound supply chain management. Analysis of Value Chain on unique customer value? The concept is based on holding the organisation and determining all the strategic values which try to hold the competitive advantage for operations and highlighting the necessary changes in the organisation. There are robust infrastructural changes of the South West Airlines which helps in leveraging activities and positions based on the primary demonstration act and the cost structural pattern. (Porter, 2008). The overheads of the fuel and maintenance of labour are high and operative and so they require a proper maintenance under the commodity trading centre. The enhancement of the aviation technology are based on saving fuel and working for the increase in throughput efficiency. Competitive advantages and disadvantages The major threat to the South West Airlines is the shortage of the necessary equipment supply and the relationship with the Boeing which depends on the dealings they have. It is also important to focus on the sizing limitations and the air traffic control which leads to settle the regulations based on the possession of commercial airports. The advantage is that the functioning is done using a control of all the entities and the state government where the organisations work on abiding to and handling the economic situations to control the jobs and take care of the concentrated labour. The strategy of price reduction works on employing the business and taking care of a greater marketing share. This set the competition for handle the features of product and functions depending upon the availability. (Mitchell et al., 2009). The prices are matched and worked upon to grow and develop a proper relationship with the suppliers. The South West airlines have a threat of the new entrants who can direct to stringent regulatory patterns with the intensive capital costs. The SWA work on taking care of the major investors and regard the concerns to emulate all the business modelling techniques. There are modes of travelling with the advent to focus on the media technologies along with taking care of the costs of operations. Disintegrated Roce: Reference Coyne, K.P. and Balakrishnan S (2006), Bringing discipline to strategy, The McKinsey Quarterly, No.4 Mitchell, J., Coles, C., and Keane, J. (2009) Upgrading along value chains: Strategies for poverty reduction in Latin America London, UK: COPLA Global Porter, M.E. (2008) The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy, Harvard business Review, January 2008 Seetharaman (October 21, 2009),"Southwest to Start Flying to Panama City, Florida". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/companyNews/idUSN2150675320091021. Retrieved 14th Sep 2010

Sex Without Love Essays - Emotions, Personal Life, Sexology

Sex Without Love "Sex Without Love," by Sharon Olds passionately describes the author's disgust for casual sex. She vividly animates the immortality of lustful sex through her language variety. Olds' clever use of imagery makes this poem come to life. Olds frequently uses similes to make the audience imagine actual events. For example, Olds describes making love as "Beautiful as dancers." (Line #2) In this line, she questions how one can do such a beautiful act with a person whom one is not in love with. Olds also describes sex as "gliding over each other like ice skaters over the ice."(Line #3,4) She is referring to sex as a performance. Imagine an ice skating performance. Each ice skater is performing for judges and an audience to win an award. Olds uses this simile to relate people performing for one another. When two people truly are in love, there is no need for any special show or performance. Another simile the author uses is "As wet as the children at birth whose mothers are going to give them away," (line #6,7,8) to simulate a sweaty lovemaking scene. The simile"light rising slowly as steam off their joined skin" (line #11,12,13) can also be used to perceive the same image of a hot, sweaty, and passionate love making scene. The author repeatedly questions how two people who are not in love can perform such a spiritual act. The simile "As wet as the children at birth whose mothers are going to give them away," can also be used to represent the outcome of lustful copulation. When two people engage in sexual activities, a large percent of the mothers choose to ignore the outcome and either abort or give their children up for adoption. Olds compares the lovers with "great runners." (Line #18) In this simile, she implies that lovers are alone with their own pleasures. Olds' questions this selfishness throughout the poem. How can two people be alone in pleasure, when sex is supposed to be both physically and emotionally shared between lovers? Olds uses hyperbole to describe her belief that sex and God are entwined. "These are the true religions, the priest, the pros, the one who will not accept a false Messiah, love the priest instead of the God." (Lines #13-17) In these lines she says that sex is more than pleasure, and if one is merely using sex for pleasure they are accepting a false God. She describes people as hypocrites who claim to love the lord, yet engage in immoral sex. In the lines, "come to the come to the come to the God come to the still waters, and not love the one they came there with," (lines #8-11) Olds describes two people climaxing. Olds perceives sex as spiritual, and wonders how people can bring a person with whom they are not in love with before God. Olds uses hyperbole to share her disgust of casual sex with her audience. In conclusion, Olds clearly despises people who engage in sex without being in love. She is able to emphasize her view in a tasteful manner by using imagery throughout her poem. Olds is able to express her disgust by using imagery to portray her objection to casual sex.